Element Gallium
It is a chemical element with the symbol Ga and atomic number 31.
Elemental gallium is a soft, silvery blue metal at standard temperature and pressure; however in its liquid state it becomes silvery white.
It is in group 13 of the periodic table, and thus has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite.
Elemental gallium is a liquid at temperatures greater than 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), above room temperature, but below the normal human body temperature of 37 °C (99 °F). Hence, the metal will melt in a person’s hands.
Names and Identifiers
Chemical Formula: | Ga |
CAS: | 7440-55-3 |
Molecular Weight: | 72.74680 g/mol |
EC Number : | 231-163-8 |
MDL Number: | MFCD00134045 |
Color: | silvery white/ silvery-blue |
Other Names: | n/a |
PubChem CID: | 23981 |
IUPAC Name: | Gallium |
Inchl: | InChI=1S/Ga |
InChI Key: | GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Canonical SMILES: | [Ga] |
ICSC Number: | n/a |
Physical & Chemical Properties
Phase: | Solid |
Density: | 5.91 g/cm3 |
Boiling Point: | 2673 K (2400 °C, 4352 °F) |
Melting Point: | 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F) |
Molecular Formula: | Ga |
Flash Point: | n/a |
Exact Mass: | 71.94900 |
Symbol: | |
Signal Word: | Danger |
Hazard Statements: | H290-H318 |
Precautionary Statements: | P280-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310 |
Hazard Codes: | Xi:Irritant; |
Risk Phrases: | R36/37/38 |
Safety Phrases: | S26-S45-S36/37/39-S36-S28-S27 |
RIDADR: | UN 3264 8/PG 3 |
WGK Germany: | 3 |
RTECS: | LW8600000 |
Packaging Group: | III |
Hazard Class: | 8 |
Gallium has 31 known isotopes, ranging in mass number from 56 to 86. Only two isotopes are stable and occur naturally, gallium-69 and gallium-71. Gallium-69 is more abundant: it makes up about 60.1% of natural gallium, while gallium-71 makes up the remaining 39.9%.
Naturally occurring isotopes
Isotope | Mass/Da | Natural abundance (atom %) | Nuclear spin (I) | Magnetic moment (μ/μN) |
---|---|---|---|---|
69Ga | 68.925580 (3) | 60.108 (9) | 3/2 | 2.01659 |
71Ga | 70.9247005 (25) | 39.892 (9) | 3/2 | 2.56227 |
Radiosotope data
Isotope | Mass/Da | Half-life | Mode of decay | Nuclear spin | Nuclear magnetic moment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
64Ga | 63.936838 | 2.63 m | EC to 64Zn | 0 | |
65Ga | 64.9394 | 15.2 m | EC to 65Zn | 3/2 | |
66Ga | 65.931592 | 9.5 h | EC to 66Zn | 0 | |
67Ga | 66.928205 | 3.260 d | EC to 67Zn | 3/2 | 1.8507 |
68Ga | 67.927983 | 1.130 h | EC to 68Zn | 1 | 0.01175 |
70Ga | 69.926027 | 21.1 m | EC to 70Zn; β– to 70Ge | 1 | |
72Ga | 71.926372 | 14.10 h | β– to 72Ge | 3 | -0.13224 |
73Ga | 72.92517 | 74.87 h | β– to 73Ge | 3/2 | |
74Ga | 73.92694 | 8.1 m | β– to 74Ge | 3 | |
75Ga | 74.92650 | 2.10 m | β– to 75Ge | 3/2 |