Element Lead
Lead (/ˈlɛd/) is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials.
Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery with a hint of blue; it tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air.
Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements.
Names and Identifiers
| Chemical Formula: | Pb |
| CAS: | 7439-92-1 |
| Molecular Weight: | 207.20000 g/mol |
| EC Number : | 231-100-4 |
| MDL Number: | MFCD00134050 |
| Color: | bluish gray/ bluish white |
| Other Names: | n/a |
| PubChem CID: | 5352425 |
| IUPAC Name: | Lead |
| Inchl: | InChI=1S/Pb |
| InChI Key: | WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Canonical SMILES: | [Pb] |
| ICSC Number: | 0052 |
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Phase: | Solid |
| Density: | 11.34 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point: | 2022 K (1749 °C, 3180 °F) |
| Melting Point: | 600.61 K (327.46 °C, 621.43 °F) |
| Molecular Formula: | Pb |
| Flash Point: | n/a |
| Exact Mass: | 207.97700 |
| Symbol: |    |
| Signal Word: | Danger |
| Hazard Statements: | H302 + H332-H351-H360Df-H373-H410 |
| Precautionary Statements: | P201-P261-P273-P304 + P340 + P312-P308 + P313-P391 |
| Hazard Codes: | T:Toxic |
| Risk Phrases: | R20/22;R33;R50/53;R61;R62 |
| Safety Phrases: | S53-S45-S61-S36/37-S36-S26 |
| RIDADR: | UN 3082 9/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany: | 3 |
| RTECS: | OF7525000 |
| Packaging Group: | III |
| Hazard Class: | 8 |
Natural lead consists of four stable isotopes with mass numbers of 204, 206, 207, and 208, and traces of five short-lived radioisotopes
Naturally occurring isotopes
| Isotope | Mass/Da | Natural abundance (atom %) | Nuclear spin (I) | Magnetic moment (μ/μN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 204Pb | 203.973020 (5) | 1.4 (1) | 0 | |
| 206Pb | 205.974440 (4) | 24.1 (1) | 0 | |
| 207Pb | 206.975872 (4) | 22.1 (1) | 1/2 | 0.58219 |
| 208Pb | 207.976627 (4) | 52.4 (1) | 0 |
Radiosotope data
| Isotope | Mass/Da | Half-life | Mode of decay | Nuclear spin | Nuclear magnetic moment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200Pb | 199.97182 | 21.5 h | EC to 200Tl | 0 | |
| 201Pb | 200.97285 | 9.33 h | EC to 201Tl | 5/2 | 0.675 |
| 202Pb | 201.97214 | 53000 y | EC to 202Tl; α to 198Hg | 0 | |
| 203Pb | 202.97338 | 2.1615 d | EC to 203Tl | 5/2 | 0.686 |
| 205Pb | 204.97447 | 1.51 x 107 y | EC to 205Tl | 5/2 | 0.712 |
| 210Pb | 209.98417 | 22.6 y | β– to 210Bi; α to 206Hg | 0 | |
| 211Pb | 210.98873 | 36.1 m | β– to 211Bi | 9/2 | -1.414 |
| 212Pb | 211.99187 | 10.64 h | β– to 212Bi | 0 |