Element Gadolinium
It is an element with atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25.
Gadolinium is under investigation in Hypertension, ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Gadolinium has been investigated for the basic science of CAD, Multiple Sclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease.
Names and Identifiers
| Chemical Formula: | Gd |
| CAS: | 7440-54-2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 157.250g/mol |
| EC Number : | 231-162-2 |
| MDL Number: | MFCD00011022 |
| Color: | silvery-white |
| Other Names: | Gadolinio, Gadolíneo |
| PubChem CID: | 23982 |
| IUPAC Name: | Gadolinium |
| Inchl: | InChI=1S/Gd |
| InChI Key: | UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Canonical SMILES: | [Gd] |
| ICSC Number: | n/a |
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Phase: | Solid |
| Density: | 7.90 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point: | 3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F) |
| Melting Point: | 1585 K (1312 °C, 2394 °F) |
| Molecular Formula: | Gd |
| Flash Point: | 3266°C |
| Exact Mass: | 157.924103 |
| Symbol: |  |
| Signal Word: | Warning |
| Hazard Statements: | H261 |
| Precautionary Statements: | P231 + P232-P422 |
| Hazard Codes: | Xi:Irritant; |
| Risk Phrases: | R15 |
| Safety Phrases: | SS43-S7/8-S26 |
| RIDADR: | UN 3208 4.3/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany: | 3 |
| RTECS: | LW3850000 |
| Packaging Group: | III |
| Hazard Class: | 8 |
Gadolinium has the highest cross section for the capture of thermal neutrons of any element and this is mainly due to the high cross section of Gd-157 (255,000 barn) and Gd-155 (61,000 barn).
Natural Gadolinium is currently used as a burnable poison in nuclear fuel, but the use of Gd-155/157 only has been proposed as this would create an even more effective burnable poison.
Gd-152 is used for the production of radioactive Gd-153 which is used for osteoporosis research and bone density measurements. Gd-160 is used in double beta decay research.
Naturally occurring isotopes
| Isotope | Mass/Da | Natural abundance (atom %) | Nuclear spin (I) | Magnetic moment (μ/μN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 152Gd | 151.919786 (4) | 0.20 (1) | 0 | |
| 154Gd | 153.920861 (4) | 2.18 (3) | 0 | |
| 155Gd | 154.922618 (4) | 14.80 (12) | 3/2 | -0.2591 |
| 156Gd | 155.922118 (4) | 20.47 (9) | 0 | |
| 157Gd | 156.923956 (4) | 15.65 (2) | 3/2 | -0.3399 |
| 158Gd | 157.924019 (4) | 24.84 (7) | 0 | |
| 160Gd | 159.927049 (4) | 21.86 (19) | 0 |
Radiosotope data
| Isotope | Mass/Da | Half-life | Mode of decay | Nuclear spin | Nuclear magnetic moment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 146Gd | 145.91831 | 48.3 d | EC to 146Eu | 0 | |
| 147Gd | 146.919090 | 1.588 d | EC to 147Eu | 7/2 | 1.0 |
| 148Gd | 147.91811 | 75 y | α to 144Sm | 0 | |
| 149Gd | 148.919339 | 9.3 d | EC to 149Eu; α to 145Sm | 7/2 | 0.9 |
| 150Gd | 149.91866 | 1.8 x 106 y | α to 146Sm | 0 | |
| 151Gd | 150.920345 | 124 d | EC to 151Eu; α to 147Sm | 7/2 | 0.8 |
| 153Gd | 152.921747 | 241.6 d | EC to 153Eu | 3/2 | 0.4 |
| 159Gd | 158.926385 | 18.6 h | β– to 159Tb | 3/2 | -0.44 |