Element Iodine
It is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53.
The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 degrees Celsius, and boils to a violet gas at 184 degrees Celsius.
Element Iodine was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811. It was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac from this property
The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition.
Names and Identifiers
Chemical Formula: | I |
CAS: | 7553-56-2 |
Molecular Weight: | 126.9g/mol |
EC Number : | 231-442-4 |
MDL Number: | MFCD00011355 |
Color: | violet-dark gray, lustrous/ bluish-black solid, purple vapor |
Other Names: | Jod, Iodio |
PubChem CID: | 807 |
IUPAC Name: | Iodine |
Inchl: | InChI=1S/I |
InChI Key: | ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Canonical SMILES: | [I] |
ICSC Number: | 0167 |
Physical & Chemical Properties
Phase: | Solid |
Density: | 4.933 g/cm³ |
Boiling Point: | 457.4 K (184.3 °C, 363.7 °F) |
Melting Point: | 386.85 K (113.7 °C, 236.66 °F) |
Molecular Formula: | I |
Flash Point: | <50 °F |
Exact Mass: | 126 |
Symbol: | |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H312-H332-H400 |
Precautionary Statements: | n/a |
Hazard Codes: | Xn,N |
Risk Phrases: | 20/21-50 |
Safety Phrases: | 23-25-61 |
RIDADR: | UN 1759 8/PG 2 |
WGK Germany: | 2 |
RTECS: | n/a |
Packaging Group: | n/a |
Hazard Class: | n/a |
Of the thirty-seven known isotopes of iodine, only one occurs in nature, iodine-127.
The others are radioactive and have half-lives too short to be primordial. As such, iodine is both monoisotopic and mononuclidic and its atomic weight is known to great precision, as it is a constant of nature
Naturally occurring isotopes
Isotope | Mass/Da | Natural abundance (atom %) | Nuclear spin (I) | Magnetic moment (μ/μN) |
---|---|---|---|---|
127I | 126.904473 (5) | 100 | 5/2 | 2.81328 |
Radiosotope data
Isotope | Mass/Da | Half-life | Mode of decay | Nuclear spin | Nuclear magnetic moment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
120I | 119.91005 | 1.35 h | EC to 120Te | 2 | 1.23 |
121I | 120.90737 | 2.12 h | EC to 121Te | 5/2 | 2.3 |
122I | 121.90760 | 3.6 m | EC to 122Te | 1 | 0.94 |
123I | 122.905605 | 13.2 h | EC to 123Te | 5/2 | 2.82 |
124I | 123.906211 | 4.18 d | EC to 124Te | 2 | 1.44 |
125I | 124.904624 | 59.4 d | EC to 125Te | 5/2 | 2.82 |
126I | 125.905619 | 13.0 d | EC to 126Te; β– to 126Xe | 2 | 1.44 |
128I | 127.905805 | 25.0 m | EC to 128Te; β– to 128Xe | 1 | |
129I | 128.904988 | 1.7 x 107 y | β– to 129Xe | 7/2 | 2.621 |
130I | 129.906674 | 12.36 h | β– to 130Xe | 5 | 3.35 |
131I | 130.906125 | 8.040 d | β– to 131Xe | 7/2 | 2.742 |
132I | 131.90800 | 2.28 h | β– to 132Xe | 4 | |
133I | 132.90781 | 20.8 h | β– to 133Xe | 7/2 | 2.86 |
134I | 133.9099 | 52.6 m | β– to 134Xe | 4 | |
135I | 134.91005 | 6.57 h | β– to 135Xe | 7/2 |